In what ways have relations between China and Japan developed since Essay

In what ways have relations among China and Japan created since 1949 - Essay Example Be that as it may, the most remarkable aspect in their relationship is their vital contribution in the organization of their Asia Pacific multilateral collaboration, and all the more to a great extent those of East Asia all in all. Subsequently, the point of this paper is to assess manners by which the relations among China and Japan have created since 1949. From mid 1940s, China has constantly communicated its disappointment in each activity that it saw Japan was attempting to graph a self-sufficient job for itself (Sutter, 2012, p. 175). China additionally held a blended perspective on Japan being a likely danger, while simultaneously Japan being a host to a tremendous US military nearness planned for countering China impact and push. Such misgivings o drove China to sign settlements planned for countering Japan, for example, the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship with the aim of protecting it against any apparent Japanese attack (Sutter, 2012, p. 271). From 1949 all through to end of 1950s, China figured arrangements that tried to influence Japan through exchange, in what was alluded to as people’s discretion (Sutter, 2012, p. 4). Such commitment were led related to building up associates with Japan restriction political associations, combined with the effort of weight on Japan to disavow Taiwan. Thus, relations among China and J apan crumbled during late 1950s, particularly, when Chinese mounted their weight. Notwithstanding, following the breakdown of Sino-Soviet relations, monetary certainty brought about China socialist government to reevaluate and revive its exchange relations with Japan (Jian and Drew, 2009, ch 4). During the 1960 in what turned into the Cultural Revolution, China-Japan relations declined again because of Japan progressively quality and self-rule from US (Saunders, 2008, p. 128). The socialist government became worried that, Japan will in the long run re-mobilize, to make up for US dense military nearness across Asia under President Richard Nixon approaches.

Platos Republic Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Platos Republic - Article Example The sun represents an astute domain, and once its reality is recognized, at that point individuals can look for the ways to their upper perspectives (Para. 3).  The prerequisites to pass each stage are preset and unequivocal. I feel this teaches perusers to learn and think like the watchmen, something that bars them from researching Plato’s thoughts with their own various speculations and encounters. In this manner, Republic training principally instructs perusers to become illuminated scholars. As I would like to think, I feel that Republic instruction ought to likewise permit perusers to examine and understand Plato’s framework from their own philosophical considerations and encounters, and grow new way of thinking framework to become operators of socio-political change. Plato’s Republic teaches perusers to become illuminated scholars, however not specialists of socio-political change. Plato’s perfect city recommends that watchmen, who are capable in dividuals, should utilize their abilities and information to edify individuals who are as yet held in the cave.â   Â

Great Topic Ideas for Problem Solution Essay Writing

Great Topic Ideas for Problem Solution Essay Writing Problem solution essay are often assigned to students as a basic academic writing requirement. In essence, it should describe a specific issue and offer its effective solution. Completing this academic assignment requires your detailed research before getting started. That’s because you need to gather enough information to adequately analyze a given situation, determine why it requires your attention, offer an effective solution, and evaluate its impact. Your basic target is to advocate for specific solutions or strong cases. This type of writing also involves solid arguments to convince the targeted audience to take action. Look for excellent and fresh problem solving essay topic ideas to succeed. Intro Writing a problem solution paper is a common requirement for all students. It’s an essay that defines a specific problem and discusses its effective solutions. The main thrust is to argue for your chosen solution to a given problem and convince other people to address it as soon as they can. Which problem to describe? Which solution to include? In this type of writing, you should discuss all issues based on the chosen topic and suggest viable solutions. To decide on a specific problem, you need to analyze possible options, expressions to introduce them, relevant results, and how to illustrate them in your paper. If you find it hard to choose the best solution, decide how it can be implemented and choose the most effective ways to make useful suggestions. Consider interesting problem-solution paper topic ideas to make these choices accordingly. Reference on how to write problem solution essay Completing this academic assignment starts with an introductory paragraph that identifies your chosen problem. Paint its clear image to make it more compelling for other to read your paper. Include a hook to grab their attention and appeals to their emotions by stating the consequences of your problem. The next part is elaborating and it requires you to present a given issue from a broad perspective. Write about its historical and other backgrounds and make the factual claims supported by reliable sources through endnotes or footnotes. Use correct citations to maintain a trustworthy style. After presenting your problem, you need to state a concrete solution. The main point of writing your problem solution essay is to convince readers that it’s the best option. To achieve this goal, your offered solution must be feasible, logical, and supported by strong evidence. This piece of writing should end with a logical conclusion that restates your problem and sums up all arguments into the most effective solution to address it. This paragraph should include a certain call to action to encourage the targeted audience to participate in your suggested solution or search for alternatives. Include potential consequences to create a sense of urgency. Essay samples for inspiration To find excellent problem solution essay topic ideas and take other steps necessary to end up with a perfect piece of writing, look for credible samples. Use them as your comprehensive guides at any stage of the writing process. Tips for writing There are some basic steps that should be taken to write a great problem solution paper. First, make a strong thesis statement to explain a particular problem. Create a connection with your readers because you need to convince them that it can be solved. You also need to clarify an efficient solution scheme and add more details to prove that it really works. Be sure to choose the best topics for problem solution essay writing. A list of topics for problem solution essay It’s often hard for students to choose good essay topics for problem solution essays because of available options. Check the following useful suggestions grouped based on their general themes. Social problems Check these helpful topics for problem solution essay on social issues: Address the need for helping homeless people in the community; How to wipe out racism totally; The most effective way to stop teen pregnancy; How to stop everyone from drunk driving; How divorces can be prevented; How to raise the awareness of teenagers to force them to be more cautions on roads; How to help the victims of family violence; How to improve the modern welfare system to destroy a cycle of poverty; Stopping gun violence effectively; How to handle illegal immigration; How to prevent human trafficking; Reducing the negativity that children face through video games, online activities, and movies; Finding the best balance between avoiding abusing and free speech; Convincing people to live without bad eating habits and smoking; How available employment opportunities can be improved? Relationship problems Interesting problem solution essay topics about relationships include these fresh ideas: How to take further steps when you’re just friends; Freeing yourself from unhealthy relationship; Saving your friends from bad relationship choices in life; Effective ways to deal with cheating partners; Should girls take the first step in relationships? How to define real relationships in the modern world; Face-to-face communication and texting; Group barriers that should be broken. Sports and entertainment problems These easy problem solution essay topics can help you write the best paper on sports and entertainment issues: How steroid use can be limited in sports; Do children train too hard at young ages? Should all college athletes be paid? How coaches can encourage athletes to succeed; What is the most effective way for young athletes to learn sports? How to limit the negative influences of reality shows? Should kids play video games less often? How to increase attendance at sporting events? How players can prepare themselves for future losses; How sports injuries can be effectively prevented. Family problems How parents can address social media issues of their children; How to stop parents to push kids too hard in academics and other areas; Helping families cope with children with mental conditions; How parents can improve honesty in their kids; How to improve children’s discipline and make them be more effective; How to promote finding the best parents and adoption rates; How parents can teach their kids to manage money wisely; Teaching faith to children. Politics Solving gun violence politically; Businesses that influence important political decisions through donations; How to solve the problem of illegal immigration; Effective programs for minority integration; Fairer political representations. Health How to relieve social anxiety by spending more time with your friends; Short exercise sessions during breaks to relieve back pain; Using special fitness apps if you lack regular exercises; How to ban food products with GMOs; Going offline on weekends and in the evening; How to get rid of aggressive behaviors; Melatonin for insomnia; Making all tobacco products illegal to reduce high lung cancer rates. Educational problems How to improve education for struggling students; Effective ways for schools to address different behavioral issues; Addressing special education needs of high-school students; Effective ways to make students more active; Special programs for talented and gifted students; How to prepare home-schoolers for their college; Allocating enough resources and funds for extra programs, including sports and fine arts; How to stop bullying, teasing, and violence at school; How to improve education for failing students; Should digital textbooks be used instead of the traditional ones? How to attract educated and talented teachers to public schools; Should physical education be mandatory in all schools? Should students use their laptops at school? How schools can improve a chance on building a healthier society? How to choose a right topic? If you don’t know where and how to find the best topic for your next problem solution paper, there are some easy guidelines that can help you make the right choice. Look for interesting and original problem solution essay topic ideas online, in local libraries, and other sources. Remember that choosing personal issues is not a clever idea because this academic paper should be focused on real-world matters. However, your topic shouldn’t center on such large-scale issues as world piece or national threats because their scope is too vast to cover in your essay. Pay attention to different ground-level problems that have an impact on people’s lives and you’ll find a number of suggestions. Look for something that really interests you to make the entire writing process easier and more enjoyable. Take your targeted readers into consideration when making a final topic choice. Conclusion Writing an impressive problem solution paper may seem quite a challenging academic task at first. However, if you use all the guidelines and tips mentioned above, you’ll make it much easier. Before submitting a final draft, check it for all possible mistakes and ensure that it follows the necessary formatting rules. It’s also necessary to reference your problem solution essay correctly. If you still have any hardship when completing this academic assignment, it’s time to use custom writing services online. Our skilled and talented professionals are always there to help you, so that you shouldn’t hesitate to entrust your problem solution paper to them. Their reliable and efficient services are designed to help you with any academic writing hardship or difficulty.

The Hero s Journey And The Lord Of The Rings - 1630 Words

Edmund Zhi Submit to the Google Form HERE Ms. Churchill Submit to turnitin.com English 2 Honors, Period 5 Don’t forget to Share! 7 September 2016 Comparisons Between Joseph Campbell’s The Hero’s Journey and The Lord of the Rings Use this document as a template for your assignment. (Read or review the other Hero’s Journey documents - the model, archetypes, reluctant heroes, and the description of the stages to help you understand, support, and complete your work.) Leave my numbers as they are and write a paragraph under each number (in a dark text color that is different from the color of my text (you choose) - and thank you, remember I am half blind). In this paragraph, explain what major events in the film happen at each stage of the journey. Be descriptive, and in addition to the events, include the archetype titles (identified once will be fine) with the character names that are in the film’s scenes (spelled properly) to show that you understand how the film mirrors Joseph Campbell’s model and the archetype representations in The Hero’s Journey. An â€Å"A† paper will be original work, have eight (8) explanatory paragraphs that show a clear understandin g of The Hero’s Journey stages, while mirroring and using the terminology in the handouts I gave you as well as identifying sufficient examples from the film (with character names, identifying events, and settings) to support your answers. It will also look nice, beShow MoreRelatedWho Is The Hero s Journey?1419 Words   |  6 Pagesquestions that we humans ponder over is, â€Å" what is the meaning of life?† We might not know the answer to that question, but what we can do is look at our lives and the lives around us and compare it to the Hero’s Journey. Now the Hero’s Journey is an, â€Å" all-embracing metaphor for the deep inner journey of transformation that heroes in every time and place see to share, a path that leads them through great movements of separation, descent, ordeal, and return†. Everyone has their own goals in their lives andRead MoreThe Hobbit, Or There And Back Again Essay1423 Words   |  6 Pagesa child audience, The Hobbit does include subtle hints of adult like themes and motifs such as conflict between different races and the corrupting factor of wealth. Tolkien has been accredited as the father of modern high fantasy for his The Lord of the Rings trilogy of which The Hobbit is a prequel. Furthermore it is crucial to know of Joseph Campbell and his ideas of the monomyth. The late Joseph Campbell was described as an American mythologist having laid the groundwork in both contemporaryRead MoreThe Tolkien s The Hobbit1294 Words   |  6 Pageslack of interest in adventure and invites Gandalf for some tea sometime, only to not seem rude. The next day Bilbo is shocked to hear a ring at his doorbell and is even more surprised to be bombarded with a trail of dwarfs crowding his comfortable little hobbit hole, Bilbo begins to grow confused and annoyed. The dwarfs eat nearly every piece of food in Bilbo s pantry before they finally decide to settle down and talk business with Baggins. The company provides Bilbo with a greater and deeper understandingRead More Lord of the Rings: Two Towers vs. Harry Potter: Prisoner of Azkaban Comparison2096 Words   |  9 PagesLord of the Rings: Two Towers vs. Harry Potter: Prisoner of Azkaban Comparison In the two novels, Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers and Harry Potter: The Prisoner of Azkaban, by J.K. Rowling, there is a distinct relationship that is created through the idea that there are the chosen individuals are the only ones that can save the world. The first novel, Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers is a novel generally focusing on uniting  ¡Ã‚ §Middle Earth ¡Ã‚ ¨, a term used to describe the human world, toRead MoreEssay on Harry Potter vs Frodo Baggins2120 Words   |  9 PagesLord of the Rings: Two Towers / Harry Potter: Prisoner of Azkaban Comparison In the two novels, Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers, written by author and Harry Potter: The Prisoner of Azkaban, written by author, there is a distinct relationship that is created through the idea that there are the chosen individuals are the only ones that can save the world. The first novel, Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers is a novel generally focusing on uniting  ¡Ã‚ §Middle Earth ¡Ã‚ ¨, a term used to describe theRead MoreBeowulf Vs. Anglo Saxon Cultures984 Words   |  4 Pagesthat he carries. This difference in Celtic and Anglo-Saxon cultures can be seen in Beowulf s heroic journey due to the physical trials that Beowulf goes through versus the virtuous and trials to character that Gawain faces. This difference from the emphasis on physical trials in Beowulf and the emphasis on the test of character in Gawain therefore demonstrate the difference in the two cultures that each hero belongs to. In Beowulf the call to adventure was a direct call that he heard as opposedRead MoreSummary Of Bilbo The Unexpected Hero 1339 Words   |  6 PagesCrumm Crumm2 Mrs Hooper Period 8 April 16th, 2015 Bilbo, the Unexpected Hero J.R.R. Tolkien is best knowing for his work in the series â€Å"Lord of the Rings†, which is held to be one of the best told modern day folklore. It consists of a world inhabited by mythical and supernatural beings. In his book â€Å"The Hobbit†, which is also taken place in this world, we meet our unlikely hero Bilbo Baggins. Hobbits are known not to be very adventurous. They live in comfort and do what isRead MoreThe Hobbit, Or There And Back Again1491 Words   |  6 PagesAmanda van der Merwe Wide Reading #4 - novel The Hobbit, or There and Back Again. â€Å"The world is not in your books and maps.† - J.R.R Tolkien.   Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe Hobbit’, written by Tolkien which was published in 1937, follows the journey of a â€Å"reluctant hobbit† who sets out on a unexpected adventure to the Lonely Mountains, with a â€Å"spirited group† of dwarves and a â€Å"talented wizard†, to reclaim their mountain home - and the gold within it - from the dragon Smaug.   Through this dynamic text, Tolkien conveys toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Hobbit Essay1134 Words   |  5 PagesThe setting of the story begins in a place called Middle Earth. In the beginning of the book it starts in Began when Mr. Bilbo Baggins lives. Then Bilbo travels to Rivendell, Misty Mountains and finally Mirkwood. The book was set before the Lord of the Rings but is unclear. There is no time because the book is a fantasy. The historical context of the book is post World War I, and had an influence on violence of war in the book. That it is why the book has a lot of fights. The narrator of theRead More A Comparison of Perfection in Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight1077 Words   |  5 Pagesand the paragon knight by comparing Beowulf and Gawain. The first question to arise is that of leadership. In Beowulf, the hero is referred to as prince*, the helmet-of-Weders**, or master-friend***. This is not without reason: in the times of the epic, might did literally make right. Therefore, he who was to be an accomplished warrior had to display a leadernbsp;s qualities as well as combat prowess. As for the knights, they had their appointed ruler, king Arthur, and none thought of challenging

Using Quotes About Yourself

When you sign up on a social networking or blogging site, you find a corner that is usually titled: About Me. In this space, you are expected to introduce yourself to the world: who you are and how you define yourself. While usually, you have no problem rambling on about yourself, you somehow feel disconcerted when you have to pen a few words to describe yourself. What do you write? How do you put it in eloquent words? And are you really being honest or simply spinning a yarn? When the two words – About Me – stare at your face, you get unexpectedly paralyzed. Suddenly, we face the inability to summarize a lifetime of dreams and desires in the scant space provided for the benefit of curious friends and other Internet surfers. How Do You Describe Yourself? So how should you put your best foot forward? Should you brag or be modest? Should you be witty or straight-laced? If you want to make a strong impression on your readers, start off with a smart quote about you. You will get lots of ideas from this collection of quotes about yourself. Quotes for Your Profile Each one of us gets lost in the chaos that we call life. And with adequate doses of inspiration, we manage to rediscover ourselves. Not everyone is blessed with the power of words. Hence, it is only natural to seek help. You may not have read the works of Mark Twain or Rudyard Kipling or Robert Frost, but their intelligent quotes can give your profile page a smart makeover. Choose Your Profile Statement From Witty and Wise Authors Standup comedian George Carlin said, The reason I talk to myself is that Im the only one whose answers I accept. If you like Carlins sense of humor, take a look at my collection of George Carlin quotations. However, if philosophy is your thing, consider quotes from Confucius, the famous Chinese philosopher. His words find resonance, even though it has been millennia since he walked the earth. Among the many evergreen Confucius sayings, is one that remains meaningful despite its brevity, And remember, no matter where you go, there you are. Strangely enough, it sounds a lot like something Dr. Seuss might say. Find Your Favorite Quotes Here If you are tired of rifling through page after page of quotations with the hope of finding a suitable one for your online profile page, take a look at this collection of profile quotes. You will find a diverse set of clever quotes -- from wisdom to humor and inspiration. There are quotes for teens and parents. For instance, if you are a parent of young kids, you might find novelist Henry Fieldings quote hilarious, When children are doing nothing, they are doing mischief. Make a Great First Impression Of course, the Internet is not the only place when you may need to talk about yourself. Go job-hunting and you will inevitably have to answer the clichà ©d question that all interviewers love to ask, Tell me about yourself. No matter how seasoned an interviewee you are, this question will take the wind off your sails. Since you have no clue what your interviewer expects to hear, you begin to mumble incoherent adjectives that may seem alien to your own ears. You are doomed if the interviewer latches on to one of those adjectives and asks you to elaborate. Take the Help of Literary Giants You must hit all the right notes in order to make a good first impression. How do you do that? I am reminded of a cheeky Oscar Wilde quote, I am the only person in the world I should like to know thoroughly. Unfortunately, using witticisms will not do you any good. To stay on safer ground, follow William Shakespeares advice, Men should be what they seem. So be original and save the wit for a rainy day. Find Your Unique Selling Proposition (USP) Reticent people often avoid social interaction as far as possible. Without adequate interpersonal skills, shy people are often confounded when asked to describe themselves. Their introversion prevents them from building new relationships. Give yourself a confidence boost by reading these uniqueness quotes. Artist Henri Matisse had his insecurities. He confessed, It has bothered me all my life that I do not paint like everybody else. Yet, Matisses individuality set him apart from his peers. You can also find your unique appeal and celebrate it. Get to Know the Real You Do you know the real you? Are you sure that the person you portray yourself as is the real you? Do you find yourself trapped in a conundrum of duty and role so much that you have forgotten who you really are? How to Rediscover Yourself You dont need to meditate under a tree to find the real you. You also dont need to go backpacking around the Arctic Circle to find the meaning of life. To discover your inherent uniqueness, all you need is a nudge in the right direction. You could get it from a scene in a movie, or a quote from a book. You could even get it while chatting with your friends. Sometimes, meaningful quotes can put you on the path of self-discovery. If you are seeking self-knowledge, quotes on reflection could help you look deep inside your soul. As ancient Chinese monk Hui-Neng rightly said, Look within! The secret is inside you.

Ocd Research Paper Free Essays

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder OCD stands for obsessive-compulsive disorder. An individual with OCD tends to worry about many different things. On average, one out of fifty adults currently suffer from this disorder, and twice that many have had it at some point in their lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Ocd Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now When worries, doubts, or superstitious beliefs become excessive then a diagnosis of OCD is made. With OCD it is thought that the brain gets stuck on a particular thought or urge and just can’t let go. Most often people with OCD describe the symptoms as a case of mental hiccups that won’t go away. This causes problems in information processing. OCD was generally thought as untreatable until the arrival of modern medications and cognitive behavior therapy. Most people continue to suffer even though they had years of ineffective psychotherapy. Today treatments tend to help most people with OCD. OCD is not completely curable but is somewhat treatable. OCD is a potentially disabling condition that may persist throughout a person’s life and get worse without treatment. An individual with OCD becomes trapped in a pattern of repetitive thoughts and behaviors that are senseless and distressing but are extremely powerful and hard to overcome. OCD can occur in cases from mild to severe, but if left untreated can destroy a persons life and capacity to function at work, school, and even at home. Some of the worries and rituals can get out of control. An individual life becomes dominated by thoughts and behaviors they know make absolutely no sense but they are powerless to control. People with OCD tend to fear uncertainty; these people are plagued by persistent and recurring thoughts or â€Å"obsessions† that they find very disturbing. These thoughts usually reflect exaggerated anxiety or fears that have no basis on reality. A person who suffers from OCD has constant doubts about their behaviors and constantly seeks assurance from other people. Many people who suffer from this disorder feel compelled to perform certain rituals or routines to help relieve the anxiety caused by their â€Å"obsessions†, however the relief is only temporary. Some rituals or â€Å"obsessions† include cleaning, checking, repeating, slowness, and hoarding. Usually an individual has both obsessions and compulsions, though sometimes they have only one or the other. A person with OCD usually wants everything around them to be perfect. {What is 1}? Most common symptoms of OCD go along with a certain compulsion for instance: A need to tell, ask, or confess goes along with praying. A need to have things â€Å"just so† goes along with hoarding or saving. Forbidden thoughts equals arranging. Excessive religious or moral doubt = counting. Intrusive sexual thoughts or urges cause touching. Imagining losing control or aggressive urges causes checking. Imagining having harmed ones self or others creates the symptom of repeating. Fear of contamination or germs causes constant washing. Compulsions are intrusive thoughts, impulses, and images that feel out of control and occur over and over again. A sufferer does not want to have these ideas and knows that they don’t make any sense but find them intrusive and disturbing. A person with OCD may be obsessed with the idea they are contaminated or may contaminate someone else and worry excessively about dirt and germs. This person could also have an intense fear that they harmed someone else although they usually know it is not realistic. {What 3} Some of the most common obsessions of OCD in children are extreme concern with order, concern that a task or assignment has been done poorly or incorrectly, concern with certain sounds or images, fear that a disaster will occur, there is also the fear of AIDS, fear of getting dirty, fear of losing important things, recurring thoughts, and a fear of saying something wrong. Checking compulsions are rituals that are precipitated by fear of harm to oneself or others and this includes the checking of doors, locks, heaters, alarms, faucets, switches, and other objects that could be a threat. This can create problems for the learning of a child. For example while getting ready for school a child may check his or her books several times to make sure they are all there even to the point where the child is late for school. Once the child is in school they may call to return home and check their books once more. These rituals may also interfere with the completion of homework. This could make a child work late at night to complete an assignment that could have taken ten minutes to complete. Repeating compulsions are rituals in which some one repeats a certain action over and over again. These rituals can in some cases be anxiety driven and in other cases have to be done â€Å"just so†. For instance a person might walk backward and forward or get up and down from a chair many times until the ritual is performed â€Å"just right†. These rituals are also connected with counting rituals. In children the rituals can assume many forms in the classroom. This could lead to many repeated questions because the child may need to remember or know something. On written assignments the student could endlessly cross out, trace, or rewrite letters or words. Lockers can also cause a problem because the combination may need to be repeated several times till it feels right. Note taking is most likely impossible because the student is compelled to take every word down. Computer scored tests are a nightmare because the student has to fill in the circles perfectly. Uncomfortable feelings such as fear, disgust, doubt, or a sensation that things have to be â€Å"just so† usually accompany obsessions. A person tries to make their obsessions go away by performing certain compulsive rituals. These compulsions are acts that an individual may perform repeatedly, often according to certain â€Å"rules†. OCD symptoms do not give a person pleasure but a sense of temporary relief for a short period of time. The relief is only temporary and the discomfort always comes back. These relieve make up a lot of time and interfere with a person’s social life and relationships. The less common form of OCD is hoarding which is the excessive saving of typically worthless items. A most commonly thought form of OCD is contamination. This is the awareness of germs, disease, or the presence of dirt that evokes a sense of threat and an incredible inspiration to reduce the presence of contamination. The compulsion of contamination involves a cleaning response such as hand washing and chronic cleaning. {Steven1} Another common form of OCD is checking. Checking involves door locks, lights, switches, faucets, stoves, or items left unchecked that might pose a threat to ones well being or the well being of others. It is not uncommon for people to check items between 10 to 100 times a day. The impulse to recheck can remain until the person experiences a reduction in tension despite the realization that the item is secure. One other less common form of OCD is ordering in which a person feels compelled to place items in a designated spot in order. Although contamination fears frequently lead to excessive washing they can also have the opposite affect, shoes may be untied, teeth unbrushed, clothing may be slovenly and hair may be dirty. In these cases, fear of contamination of personal objects or body parts leads to the individuals’ refusal to touch them. A combination of excessive hand washing and sloppiness in other areas of grooming had even been reported. Obsessions revolving around a need for symmetry may result in compulsive arranging. Children who engage in symmetry-related rituals may also feel compelled to have both sides of their bodies identical. For instance a child my spend an inordinate amount of time tying and retying shoelaces so that each side of the bow is perfectly even or â€Å"balanced†. Symmetry rituals may consist of taking steps that are identical in length or speaking with equal stress on each syllable. In a classroom, symmetry rituals may be seen in the student’s compelling need for order. Books on a shelf, items on a desk, or problems on a page must be arranged in a precise manner so that they can appear symmetrical to the student. Most people recognize at some point that their obsessions are not just worries about real problems but are coming from their minds. Compulsions are excessive or unreasonable but the sufferer has to perform them. OCD poor insight is an individual that not recognize that their beliefs and actions are unreasonable and unreal. Extreme severe distress tends to happen when the symptoms wax and ware over time. OCD symptoms can start at any age from as early as preschool too as late as adulthood. 1/3 of 1/2 of adult sufferers said that their symptoms started during their childhood. On an average people spend 9 years seeking a diagnosis and see up to 3 to 4 doctors. Studies also show that it takes an average 17 years from the time OCD begins for an individual to find appropriate treatment. {What 3} OCD may be under diagnosed and untreated for a number of reasons. People with OCD may be secretive about their symptoms or lack insight on the illness. Many healthcare providers are not familiar with the symptoms and are not trained to provide treatment. Some people may also not have access to treatment resources. This is unfortunate since early diagnoses and proper treatment can help an individual. Research suggests genes do play a role in development of the disorder yet no specific genes have been found for OCD. Childhood onset tends to run in the family. An increasing risk for a child getting OCD is if the parent has it. When OCD runs in families it seems to be inherited but not the specific symptoms. One example is if a child has checking rituals his mother might wash excessively. There is no single proven cause for OCD. Research suggests that OCD could involve problems in communication between the brain and deeper structures although this is not proven. what 4} For many years only a small minority of healthcare professionals patients had OCD there for it was thought to be rare. OCD went unrecognized often because many of those afflicted with it kept their repetitive thoughts a secret and failed to seek treatment. This led to the underestimate of the number of people with the illness. {obsessions 1} In approximately 80% of all cases, people performing the rituals are painful ly aware that their behavior is unreasonable and irrational. OCD is an anxiety disorder the thought associated with OCD is bizarre. The thoughts associated with OCD are recurrent obsessions that create an awareness of alarm or threat. Obsessions can take form of a threat or physical alarm to oneself or others. People typically engage in some avoidance or escape response in reaction to the obsessive threat. There are three main branches of OCD. The most common and well-known branch of OCD is known as OC where the undoing response generally involves some overt behavior. The next branch of OCD is purely obsess ional this involves the escape or avoidance of noxious and unwanted thoughts. There are a number of treatment strategies, which are specific to obsessive problems. For example, motivations neutralizing behavior and other counter-productive strategies, increasing selective attention and increased negative mood. These serve to maintain the negative beliefs and therefore the obsessive-compulsive problem. Most recently developments in cognitive therapy suggest that the key to understanding obsession problems lies in the way the intrusive thoughts, images, impulses and doubts are interpreted. The general and specific aspects of cognitive-behavioral treatment are described. The important negative interpretations usually include the idea that a person’s actions can result in harm to onset to others. This responsibility interpretation has several consequences. { steven 1} OCD can change and affect a person’s life in many ways sometimes alienating them from their friends and family. Many sufferers with OCD are never diagnosed because they are so secretive about their symptoms. They are afraid to let people know and are even embarrassed about their compulsive reactions. It is a fact that approximately one million children and adolescents in the United States alone suffer from OCD. This means that 3 to 5 children in an average elementary school and 20 teenagers in a large high school are currently suffering. OCD affects adolescents during an important time of social development. Schoolwork, homework, and friendships are affected most often. Most children are to young to realize that there obsessions and compulsions are unusual. Adolescents are embarrassed because they don’t want to be different from other people and they worry uncontrollably about their behavior. These adolescents usually hide their rituals in front of friends at school or at home and become mentally exhausted and strained. Children and adolescents that suffer from OCD are different from adults because they express their disorder in special ways. Young children often say their rituals are silly. Young children’s OCD is never really recognized by their parents until they are about 3 or 4 sometimes even older. To get a proper diagnosis the child should be brought to a doctor or psychiatrist. While a child is at school they usually erase and redo their assignments, which usually results in late schoolwork. Classroom concentration is usually limited because a child is obsessing about their fears and rituals. Parents should tell a child’s teacher about the OCD and may ask for occasional progress reports. OCD is not contagious and parents are often blamed for the disorder they are said to have parental perfections, inappropriate toilet training, or even under parenting. The cause for OCD is neurobiological. Although life events can also aid in the onset of OCD. Children’s OCD is often said to be started by a death of a loved one, a divorce, moving to a new location, or unhappiness with changes in school. Approximately 80 percent of children and adolescents with OCD at some point during their illness will develop a washing or cleaning ritual. The most common compulsion is hand washing. An individual may feel compelled to wash their hands extensively and according to a self-prescribed manner for minutes or hours at a time. Other individuals may be less thorough about washing or cleaning but may engage in the act a number of times a day sometimes even hundreds. During school these rituals may manifest themselves in the school setting as subtle behaviors not obviously or immediately related to washing or cleaning. The student’s teacher should be alert if the student frequently excuses himself or herself from the classroom under voiding or guise. This child could actually be seeking a private area in which to carry out the cleaning rituals. Another sign is the presence of dry, red, chapped, cracked, or even bleeding hands. Bleeding hands are a result of washing with strong cleaning agents such as â€Å"Mr. Clean† to free themselves of â€Å"contaminants†. OCD sufferers usually experience obsessional thoughts that lead to compulsive avoidance in these cases, individuals may go to great lengths to avoid objects, substances, or situations that are capable of triggering fear or discomfort. For example, fear of contamination may result in the avoiding of objects usually found in the classroom, things like paint, glue, paste, clay, tape, and ink. A child may even inappropriately cover their hands with clothing or gloves or may use facial tissue, shirts, or shirt cuffs to open doors or turn on faucets. A student with an obsessive fear of harm may avoid using scissors or other sharp tools in the classroom. A child may even circumvent the use of a certain doorway because a passage through that entry may trigger a repeating ritual. Children and adolescents with OCD may also engage in compulsive reassurance seeking. In the school setting, they may continually ask teachers or other school personnel for reassurance that there for example are no germs on the drinking fountain or that they have not made any errors on a page. Although reassurance may serve to allay the anxiety or discomfort that frequently accompanies their fears the relief is often short lived, different situations typically arise in the classroom that pose new fears or discomfort for the student. Number obsessions are typically common among young boys. Only certain numbers are â€Å"safe† other numbers are â€Å"bad†. An obsession with a particular number may result in a child’s having to repeat an action a given number of times or having to repeatedly count to a particular number. Some children with strong religious ties have an obsessive fear that they are doing something evil. This symptom of OCD is called â€Å"scrupulosity† and causes an individual to tell themselves that they constantly commit sins, and they must pray constantly or find ways to condone their imagined sins. Members of the catholic religion who suffer from this may go to confession many times a week. Some individuals create elaborate systems to avoid certain thoughts, memories, or actions, or to replace or equalize â€Å"sinful† thoughts with pure good ones. One of the most reported obsessions in youth with OCD is a fear of contamination. This fear may center on a concern with germs, dirt, ink, paint, excrement, body secretions, blood, chemicals, and other substances. Recently, an increase in obsessions with AIDS had also been witnessed. Preoccupation with contamination may lead to the avoidance of suspected contaminants or constant findings in studies such as testing the effectiveness of different therapies; strongly suggest that it is the working alliance or bond between therapist and patient, which is paramount to therapeutic success. Interpersonal aspects of treatment such as 1. comfort 2. confidence and 3. a true commitment from both patient and therapist make a great deal of difference in fostering an atmosphere of collaboration. To be successful both the patient and the therapist need to bring their fullest devotion to the explicit and implicit contract of therapy. By saying this it means that at the end of each session both parties need to come to an agreement of the next week’s challenges. The patient must except the responsibility and be willing to participate in his or her challenges. Clients can choose to share the challenges of this therapy with an experienced partner or they can choose to decline. The principles of this therapy focus on fostering a sense of therapeutic independence on the part of the client. Equally important to training, knowledge, experience, and credentials are understanding, compassion and warmth. Most often the cognitive-behaviorist believes that self-disclosure is a healthy part of any relationship, including a therapeutic one. Therefore when a client answers questions about themselves it is considered a natural and healthy part of the therapeutic exchange. {steven phillipson 1} The basic premise of this therapy is based on the belief that at the heart of depression exist distorted and irrational thinking patterns. Such patterns revolve around our automatic reactions toward life circumstances, which create upsetting emotional consequences. CBT was developed to assist patients to respond rationally to automatic irrational thoughts. Here automatic thoughts are said to be mental reflexive reactions to upsetting events. Typically, the approach teaches people to learn to identify our reflexive reactions or â€Å"beliefs† that occur as a consequence to upsetting events, that are responsible for the periodic upset we experience. Traditional therapist that specialize in CBT focus on teaching clients to substitute rational thinking for automatic irrational thinking. {steven phillipson 2} Basic CBT believes that within all of us exist irrational ideas. This therapeutic intervention is based on therapists’ faith in our ability to learn how to sort out the difference between being rational and irrational. At the heart of learning is the belief that we learn from society, family, and religion how to think in dysfunctional and irrational ways. Traditional CBT for patients suffering with OCD is therefore likely to be counter productive toward achieving a beneficial therapeutic outcome. This approach assumes that persons are reacting irrationally to a rationally safe situation. The problem is that the majority of OCD patients are aware that what they are doing is bizarre and irrational. Most can even predict that the risk of danger is infinitesimal. Yet they feel overwhelmingly compelled to act out some escape response. Therefore using traditional CBT: activating event, automatic thought, emotional reaction, and rational response would be futile. Traditional CBT was developed as a treatment for depression. The two basic components entail, 1. the behind the scenes strategizing and 2. the front line conflict. It is very important not to mix up the appropriate application of these two separate strategies when dealing with OCD. The manner in which one conceptualizes a battle and the behavior exerted in fighting it, are very different. {steven phillipson 3} Cognitive therapy for OCD predominantly focuses on the two mentioned aspects of this disorder. The first aspect initially involves having sufferers develop a healthy and informed understanding of how the mechanisms of OCD operate. This focus will be referred to as cognitive conceptualization. Cognitive conceptualization includes having the sufferer separate themselves from the emotional or moral implications of what the disorder seems to represent. Many people who suffer from the purely obsessional form of this condition and responsibility experience tremendous amounts of guilt and shame for having these thoughts or being responsible for the wellbeing of others. Also involved with the first aspect is having clients appreciate that giving in to a ritual or embracing the risk of the obsession, requires making a series of genuine choices and are not pre-programmed reflexive reactions. Critical aspects of this focus involve reshaping one’s response set to the risk. This involves concentrating on one’s relationship with their condition as that of making choices in the matter of giving in the ritual, or not. This viewpoint is in difference to perceiving the reaction to cognitive threats as obligatory or as having no choice in the matter. In practice this translates into having patients reframe their disposition from, â€Å"I had to† to â€Å"I chose to†. Research has clearly showed that acknowledging our choice in the matter of facing difficult life challenges increases one’s tolerance to adversity. Consistently studies have demonstrated that our ability to tolerate pain is greatly increased as we acknowledge our choice in relation to the decision to seek relief or to tolerate the discomfort. As our perceptible sense of control increases so does our willingness to tolerate discomfort. A minor but crucial aspect of cognitive-conceptualization involves educating people about the actual risks pertaining to their specific concerns. Unfortunately medical science doesn’t offer total certainty. Therefore telling someone that the chances of getting AIDS from a door knob is slim at best, does little to take away the general concern. Some people claim to have been guided by their disorder for so long that they have forgotten their real instincts. In addition, becoming informed that people who spike about being a danger to others rarely actually do damaging things or that person with anxiety disorders almost by no means develops schizophrenia might educate, but rarely provides lasting relief. Steven Phillipson 4} Cognitive-management is the second goal of CT; this involves teaching individuals to respond to obsessive threats in a way that there is little to no debate in response to being spiked. The main goal is to reduce conflict or mental escape in formulating a response to the upsetting thought. The end product is referred to as habituation. Principles are also included in cognitive-management. These princip les enhance greater levels of tolerance toward the physical discomfort, generated by the anxiety. The principles include making space for the discomfort and looking upon it as something to be managed effectively, rather that just achieving a period of relief. The search to eliminate the spike is more than likely the greatest cognitive misconceptualization that people bring to the therapeutic process. Eventually the goal of CT for OCD is to manage he spike effectively, not to focus on its existence or disappearance. The same thing could be said about the experience of anxiety. Tolerating anxiety focuses on developing room for the experience. Developing room for its presence enables the brain to focus on other information. Cognitive conceptualization focuses on helping take out a sense of culpability, guilt and shame, which is pervasive among obsessive-compulsive sufferers. To access the ideas and philosophy of cognitive-conceptualization in the midst of the challenge would be unadvised because it would tend to be reassurance oriented. The goal for later on in the treatment is instructive in aiding a person’s respond effectively to the cognitive prompt of the danger with the least resistance, which thereby allows habituation. Creating an aggressive disposition toward a challenge is tremendously advantageous toward a successful recovery. Aggressiveness is defined as actively looking for anxiety provoking challenges. Paradoxically, when a person seeks an anxiety provoking challenge there tends to be a greater likelihood that experiencing reduced levels of anxiety is achieved. This comes out due to changing the condition’s momentum from endless escape to approach. â€Å"As we seek challenges there is less likelihood of finding them†. Cognitive therapy for OCD has two main applications 1. o help people understand the guidelines of anxiety disorders overall plan 2. to provide specific suggestions in response to the moment of being challenged by awareness that there is some imminent danger. Cognitive principles to assist sufferers develop a healthy disposition in the direction of their anxiety is The statement â€Å"within the question lies the answer† proposes that when confronted with a s eemingly sincere risk, relying on the consciousness that there is doubt and therefore making the strength of mind to receive the possibility will get rid of a enormous quantity of difficulty solving. steven phillipson 6} The ultimate aspect of cognitive management entails deliberately creating the consciousness and nature of the chance while engaging in the uncovering exercise. This strategy suggests that combining the behavior a compulsive act with a self-talk enhances the impact of an uncovering exercise. Making the choice to put up with the risk tends to close down the brain’s natural propensity to alert its host, through physical uneasiness and cognitive warnings, that you should feel unpleasant until the danger is removed. Overall CT involves providing a sufferer with specific responses to the spikes and educating them about the distinction between having these concerns and separating one’s identity from the topics of the condition and highlighting general strategies which facilitate anxiety management. This goes to say that providing reassurances and attempting to educate the sufferer about the truly limited risks involved in the spikes is counterproductive and alienating. {steven phillipson 7} lead to excessive washing. How to cite Ocd Research Paper, Essays

Lean Manufacturing and Service Delivery-Myassignementhelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Lean Manufacturing and Service Delivery Philosophy. Answer: Introduction Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy has been adopted and implemented in many different and diverse business sectors. Business organizations are accompanied with various process systems which are designed with a view to achieve set objectives and goals in determined approach. This report consists of lean manufacturing and services which are adopted in an organization with a view to increase the overall production level, efficiencies of business by reducing the overall cost involved in the business process. The Lean manufacturing and service delivery is a way to take efficient decision in business organizations which reduce the overall cost of productions and increase the effectiveness of business functioning (Zhang Polychronakis, 2012). This report provides study on the Lean manufacturing and service delivery and its rational, evaluation and future in reducing the overall cost of productions in the business functioning. Wesfarmers has been taken with a view to determin e the use of Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy in the business functioning and reducing the wastage and unnecessary cost included in value chain activities of organizations. This report is divided into various parts which are used to reflect the core aspects of Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy in the value chain activities of Wesfarmers. After that, key focus has been made on drawing critical analysis on how Wesfarmers could use Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy to reduce the overall cost of process design which can be beneficial for the organizations not only in reducing cost but as well as in improving clients service level. However, this Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy is used by large multinational organizations with a view to increase their production level and efficiency of their business. This Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy is firstly developed by Toyota Company by implementing this pro cess system in its business process to improve the existing value chain activities and efficiency of business (Bhasin, 2015). Brief description of Organization Wesfarmers Ltd is an international retail business organization of supermarket industry which has been providing products and services to clients for their better satisfactions. It is considered that being a conglomerate company in Australia Company has been delivering chemicals, fertilisers, coal mining and industrial and safety products. The CEO of company is Richard Goyder. The employees strength of Wesfarmers Ltd is 2, 20,000 who made their efforts to earn revenue of AUD $ 65.89 billion in 2016. In addition to this, Wesfarmers plc has total assets of 40.78billion which is deployed in the business functioning of organizations. For any enterprising firm, the competitive advantage may stem from any of the host function it performs. Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy could be used by Wesfarmers Ltd to create core competency in its business functioning. In other words, each of these functions is the sources of generating this much desired and valued competitive advanta ge and edge over others in the industry. Wesfarmers has indulged in creating core competency by reducing overall cost of capital and increasing the overall production of organizations. Critical evaluation of Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy in Wesfarmers Ltd It is evaluated that Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy is an essential process system which is used by organizations to reduce the complexity in the business and reducing the business burden in determined approach. After evaluating the process system of Wesfarmers ltd it is observed that organization is more inclined towards speeding up the production cycle of organizations and by removing the waste form the system and simplifying the method of value chain activities. Wesfarmers production system is divided into two parts starting with buying products from the manufacturers and second is related to providing services and goods to clients in the market through its supermarket chain (Stevenson, 2009). However, there are several drawbacks and waste the value chain activities which are faced by organization in its production process such as over waste, waiting, transportation, inventory, motion and over- processing, defective units. Therefore, Lean manufacturing and serv ice delivery philosophy helps organizations to eliminate these forms of waste and over- processing, defective units (Andrs-Lpez, Gonzlez-Requena, and Sanz-Lobera, 2015). However, in order to achieve Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy in value chain activities, Wesfarmers Ltd has to perform these following activities (Gattorna, 2015). Reduce the set up timeframe for particular action plan: Wesfarmers Ltd has to reduce the time involved in its inbound and outbound activities. Company could use charts, training development program and other set procedure. These set procedures are implemented with a view to reduce the wastage time and eliminate the set up times in particular functions of organizations (Jones, Comfort and Hillier, 2014). Elimination of small lot of production Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy helps organizations to eliminate these forms of waste and over- processing, defective units. It will help organizations to avoid small level of production and increase the speed of machinery, larger inventories and high lead times and reducing the possible cost involved (Waters, 2013). Employee involvement and Empowerment Wesfarmers Ltd needs to arrange its workers in set teams and line manager would be appointed in each and every team department to perform specialized tasks. After that, as per the Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy a proper mechanism will be performed with a view to eliminate the possible cost and time involved in particular working system (Albino et al. 2016). Quality at the source Wesfarmers Ltd has to mitigate all of defects and problems immediately with a view to increase the overall quality of products and services offered by it in the market. It is evaluated that company should consider the quality of products if it wants to follow effective level of lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy in its business process system (Bhamu and Singh Sangwan, 2014). Equipment maintenance Wesfarmers Plc has to hire some of the qualified employees who could handle equipment and machineries of the organizations when they get break down. It is evaluated that if company hire experienced employees who could solve the primary problems and machinery break down own their own, its production capabilities will increase (Fullerton, Kennedy and Widener, 2014) Management of inventories It is evaluated that for the efficient level of business functioning, company has to maintain minimum level of holding stocks and lead times to provide quality of goods and services to clients. Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy will eliminate the excess level of blockage of stocks and increase the overall production level of business (Dora, et al. 2013). Suppliers involvement Wesfarmers Ltd need to indulge in the integration of strategic alliance with the suppliers with other organizations to establish effective level of supply chain. This chain will help organizations to maintain minimum level of stocks and consistent supply of raw material as whenever required (Sassanelli, et al. 2015).. Other acts and procedure There are following acts and procedure which could be used by organizations while adopting Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy to increase to improve its business performance on domestic and international market such as elimination of waste, minimization of inventory level, create continuous improvement culture, pull production from customer demand, meet customer requirement and maximum the production flow by adopting new machineries and plants. In addition to this, company could also enter into strategic alliance with other partners if proper Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy is adopted in its value chain activities (Hines et al., 1998). Barriers to adopt lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy in organizations It is evaluated that implementation of lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy could be a long process and; therefore, employees and management department of organizations needs to have proper level of time and liberty to adapt with new process system. However, at the time of implementing new lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy in organization, changes are needed to be incorporated in the process system and production of goods and services of organizations. These changes and shortcoming encountered during implementation of lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy could be described as barriers to adopt lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy. It could be argued that even with high setup cost lean production can still be highly beneficial for the organizations. Wesfarmers Plc could not only reduce the cost of production but also reduce the overall cost of capital involved in its business functioning by following lean manufacturing and ser vice delivery philosophy in process system. On the other hand, other barriers could be identified in Wesfarmerss organization barriers. Organizational culture is the shared habits, behavior, beliefs, mission, norms and symbols of employees working in organizations. There would be problem of culture change which consists of changes in values, belief, norms and perception of employees. If lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy is adopted in the organization then it will surely increase complexity and reduce the production process system of Wesfarmers Ltd for some period of time. These hurdles occur due to the rigidness of employees with the new changes and newly developed process system in organizations. Therefore, by the use of lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy, the company could reduce different types of wastes and achieve high quality, sustainability, profitability and competitiveness by reducing the overhead cost and unit production costs. This lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy would improve the customer loyalty. It is the most critical part to improve the business either on domestic or international level (Lian, and Van Landeghem, 2007). Competition is a universal social process that exists in all types of societys either civilized or uncivilized. Wesfarmers could use this lean manufacturing and service delivery Philosophy in its business functioning by making changes in its existing value chain activities. However, these changes would result into better satisfaction of clients in buying products and service or goods offered by the organizations (Dickson, et al. 2009). In addition to this, Wesfarmers could also develop competitive advantage in its process system by reducing overall cost and improving quality of products and services in market. Competitive is a superiority that gives an organization an edge over its rivals and ability to generate greater value for the firm and its shareholders. It occurs when an organization acquires or develops an attribute or combination of attributes that allows it to outperform its competitors. Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy helps Wesfarmers to identify the was tage and productive process which are consuming time and capital of money and generating no amount of profit. Therefore, by adopting these lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy, company could eliminate all the possible charges and unnecessary cost. This lean manufacturing system will be helpful in determining to what extent company could reduce its overall cost of productions and time involved in production of particular level of units (Rahani and Al-Ashraf, 2012). The study suggested that a further research is necessary on the implementation of competitive advantages strategies. Since this research only considered the extent it is used by Wesfarmers Ltd and the factors influencing it. The study is over that marketing strategy, networks effects, strong research and development capabilities, cost leadership and redefining customer value to reduce the overall cost of productions of organizations. It was also over that being a low cost provider, user of technology, support of structure risk, service offered, an embedded customer base and innovation have at least more than moderate influence in the competitive advantage in development of effectiveness of business functioning. Technology is a major factor in competitive advantage with the industrial revolution. At the first, technology included industrial machinery, transportation technology, energy, and office equipment and consumer products. In the 20th century information technology and biotechnology emerged as major factors for the organization for reducing the wastage and by products from the business functions of organizations (Ruiz-de-Arbulo-Lopez, Fortuny-Santos and Cuatrecasas-Arbs, 2013). Creation of lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy in business process of Wesfarmers Ltd There are following process which could be implemented in order to create lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy in the business organizations system of organizations. Using of own highly developed technology and plans in the value chain activities of organizations. Wesfarmers Ltd could increase the production level by drawing the high level of products and services demand in the market. This could be done by implementing effective marketing strategies. Using good level of inputs and goods which provides low level of wastage and by products from the value chain activities (Yuan Polychronakis, 2012). Hiring of new employees and keep the standard level of goods and service. Implementation of proper strategic plans and procedure for mitigating the negative outcomes which occurred in past years of organizations. Benefits of implementing of lean manufacturing Benefits of implementing of lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy in process system (Bhasin and Burcher, 2006). It helps Wesfarmers to remove all kind of duplication and waste in the business functioning of organization. Centralization in strategies decisions making process and reduce the complexity in business process. It helps Wesfarmers Ltd to maintain, retain, increase production level of organizations and lower down the overall cost of production of organizations. Reduction in wastage and by products of company. Good clients and customer relation management. Increment in the customers satisfaction level (Polychronakis, 2007). Recommendation on how waste and by products of Wesfarmers has been managed by company. The value chain activities of organization are an arranged procedure to examine the development of competitive advantage in Wesfarmers Ltd. This helps organization to covert its raw material into finished goods to provide goods and services to clients. If Wesfarmers Ltd could adopt Lean manufacturing and service delivery Philosophy in its inbound logistics (Savino, Mazza and Marchetti, 2014). Inbound logistics Wesfarmers receives goods from the other suppliers and sell these goods to clients through its supermarket channels in market. Company could reduce wastage and by products by using effective level of vendor supply chain. It helps Wesfarmers Ltd to reduce the overall cost involved in capital blockage in minimum level of stock turnover in the market. These costs could also be reduced by Wesfarmers by entering into strategic alliance and management integration relationship vendors. This will reduce the stock turnover ratio of company and ultimately result to low level of cost of productions (Lindsay, et al. 2014). Operations This is the arrangement process in which raw material are manufactured and assembled in the process system of Wesfarmers Ltd. Therefore, implementation of Lean manufacturing and service delivery Philosophy will reduce the waste and by products of process system while delivering goods and services to clients (Martin e al., 2010). Outbound logistics These are the services which are delivered by organization to its clients after completion of process activities. In order to build outbound logistic expenses, Wesfarmers Ltd could use loyalty card, use of electronic payment mode, open products and service choice. In addition to this, Wesfarmers Ltd have also used online portals and enterprises resources planning to reduce the complexity and time involved in supplying goods and services to clients (Piercy, and Rich, 2009). Marketing and sales Wesfarmers has adopted new Lean manufacturing and service delivery Philosophy in its business functioning which has resulted to establishment of strong marketing communication channel. It consists of using loyalty card and direct communication methods to promote its goods and service either in domestic and international market (Zirar, Radnor and Charlwood, 2015). Service It is evaluated that Wesfarmers Ltd has increased its business efficiency by adopting standardized process system in all over the world. It has adopted enterprises resources planning to implement all of its inbound and outbound activities (Ranjan, 2016). Support process activities to minimize cost of production of organization Procurement Procurement system of Wesfarmers should be handled in systematic manner to avoid possible level of duplication and waste. It is essential to enter into business transactions which have low level of cost and high quality of products. In addition to this, company has adopted enterprises resources planning to reduce the paper work cost, communication cost and time involved in lengthy process (Singh and Vinodh, 2017). Human resource management Wesfarmers Ltd has been following four ways techniques to reduce its employee turnover and maintain an effective level of business process such as selection, recruitment, development, training and maintenance of employees (Rahman, Hoque and Uddin, 2014). Establishment of process system to determine the danger level signals Management department of Wesfarmers Ltd has set up new system in which concerned employee will raise the signal in following cases such as defects in units supplies, overproduction, overcrossing, problems in transportation and handling, errors in process system and design fellows. This type of process system in Wesfarmers will provide proactive measure to deal with the problems and drawbacks of process system of organization (Leyer and Moormann, 2014). Conclusion Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy is the best strategic plans which is sued by multinational companies to reduce the overall cost of production and time involved in business process system. It can be beneficial for the organizations not only in reducing cost but as well in improving clients service level. Wesfarmers Ltd use this lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy in its value chain activities with a view to reduce its overall cost of production and time involved in the same. It is clear to identify that lean manufacturing not only identify the drawbacks of process system of organizations but also provide a clear idea about how these problems could be mitigated. Now in the end, it would be inferred that proper level of strategic plan for implementing Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy in the business organization will surely reduce the overall cost of production of organization. References Albino, P.G., dos Santos Portugal, N., Rodrigues, T.Z., Reis, O.H.B. and Jnior, P.D.S.P., 2016. Lean manufacturing: a case of the factors influencing the failure in the introduction in an automotive industry.Journal of Lean Systems,2(1), pp.02-13. Andrs-Lpez, E., Gonzlez-Requena, I. and Sanz-Lobera, A., 2015. 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